Proto-bantou
Le proto-bantou, ou bantou commun, est une langue préhistorique et reconstruite sans témoignage écrit, supposée être à l'origine de toutes les langues dites « bantoues ». Elle a été très partiellement reconstruite à partir de la comparaison entre les langues, actuelles ou anciennes, qui en sont issues. Notre connaissance du proto-bantou repose donc sur la linguistique comparée, et notamment sur la phonétique historique. On peut reconstruire quelques aspects de phonologie de lexique et de morphologie.
| Proto-bantou | |
| Langues filles | langues bantoues |
|---|---|
| Classification par famille | |
|
|
| Codes de langue | |
| ISO 639-2 | bnt[1] |
| ISO 639-5 | bnt[1] |
| IETF | bnt[1] |
Lexique
Les tableaux suivants présentent son lexique selon Bastin et al. (2002)[2]:
Plantes
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *dembedembe | Cassia petersiana | Caesalpiniaceae | arbrisseau | shrub | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
| *dʊmbʊe | Ixonanthaceae | arbuste à tubercules comestibles | shrub with edible tuber | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
| *tʊgʊnda | Vangueria sp. | Rubiaceae | arbuste épineux | thorn-shrub | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *pʊkʊ | Vernonia conferta | Compositae | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||||
| *cʊmbʊ | Manihot esculenta | Euphorbiaceae | manioc | cassava | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *jʊ̀mbàtɪ̀ | Manihot esculenta | Euphorbiaceae | manioc | cassava | LLL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J |
| *dʊndʊ | Manihot esculenta | Euphorbiaceae | manioc | cassava | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: H L | ||
| *dʊ́ngʊ́ | piment ; poivre | red pepper; pepper | HH | N 9/10, (11/10) | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 7: A B C H K L R | ||
| *dʊ́ʊ́ngʊ́ | poivre | shrub: pepper | HHH | N 9/10, (11/10) | Pas d'opposition établie V/VV dans ce contexte. | ||
| *kómà | Grewia spp. | Tiliaceae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *kʊ́dianjánà | Clerodendrum myricoides | Verbenaceae | H__HL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *cèngèdè | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | LLL | 3 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: L M S | |
| *cʊ́nʊ́nʊ́ | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | HHH | 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: F L M | |
| *gànò | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | LL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
| *cèngʊ́ | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | LH | 11 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |
| *donge | Bambusoideae | bambou | bamboo | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J M | |||
| *njú | Arachis sp. | Fabaceae | arachide | groundnut | H | N | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: B H |
| *jʊ̀gʊ́ | Fabaceae | arachide | groundnut | LH | N 9/10, (11/10) | Regions 4: NW NE SE - Zones 5: B C E G S | |
| *jʊ̀kʊ́ | Fabaceae | arachide | groundnut | LH | N 11 | Regions 3: NW SE - Zones 2: C S | |
| *jʊ́ngʊ́ | Cucurbita sp. | Cucurbitaceae | courge | pumpkin | HH | N 3/4, 5/6 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 7: E F J L M N P |
| *tʊʊtʊ | Cucurbitaceae | courge | pumpkin | Regions 3: SW NE - Zones 2: K J | |||
| *pʊ̀dí | Cucurbita sp. | Cucurbitaceae | courge | pumpkin | LH | N (5/6) | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 5: E L M N S |
| *cʊʊca | Cucurbitaceae | feuille de courge | pumpkin leaf | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |||
| *kʊ́ndè | Phaseolus sp. | Fabaceae | haricot | bean | HL | N 5/6, 9/10, 11/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 11: A C D E G K L M N P R |
| *kʊ̀á | Dioscorea | igname sp. | yam sp. | LH | N 7/8 | Regions 4: NW SW NE - Zones 4: A B E H | |
| *kutɪ | Entada gigas | Mimosaceae | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||||
| *cʊcʊ | ortie sp. | nettle sp. | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *jʊ̀mbʊ̀ | Ipomoea batatas | Convolvulaceae | patate douce | sweet potato | LL | 7 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: J L M |
| *tʊda | Solanum nigrum | Solanaceae | solanée sp. | nightshade | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 4: E G N S | ||
| *kuanka | Nicotiana tabacum | Solanaceae | tabac | tobacco | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *tamba | Ipomoea sp. | Convolvulaceae | patate douce | sweet potato | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C L | ||
| *cʊ́á | Poaceae sp. | HH | N | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: D E F H J L M S | |||
| *mʊ̀dɪ̀ | Poaceae sp. | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |||
| *nàdì | Parinari spp. | Rosaceae | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *gomeda | Mitragyna rubrostipulata | Rubiaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *tàmbiá | Pouzolzia hypoleuca | Urticaceae | L_H | 3+9 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
| *dàgò | plante médicinale à bulbe | medicinal plant with bulb | LL | N 5 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *jènyè | plante odorante sp. | fragrant plant sp. | LL | 11 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | ||
| *dàndà | plante rampante sp. ; liane | creeping plant sp.; liana | LL | N 3 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 3: C D J | ||
| *bónò | Ricinus communis | Euphorbiaceae | ricin | castor-oil plant | HL | N 3/4, (5/6) | Regions 4: NW SW Ce NE - Zones 6: B E G J H M |
| *mónò | Ricinus communis | Euphorbiaceae | ricin | castor-oil plant | HL | N (3/4), (11/10) | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 5: H K L M R |
| *genge | Spondias spp. | Anacardiaceae | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||||
| *camba | Lannea sp. | Anacardiaceae | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||||
| *kinga | Papowia obovata | Anonaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: M S | ||||
| *pingampada | Blechnaceae sp. | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | |||||
| *támbá | Bombacaceae sp. | HH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||
| *bombʊe | Boscia spp. | Capparaceae | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||||
| *jamba | Cannabinaceae sp. | chanvre | hemp | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 4: H K L M | |||
| *godo | Combretum spp. | Combretaceae | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 3: E N S | ||||
| *kòndè | Euphorbia ingens | Euphorbiaceae | LL | N 3 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
| *dɪ́anjònì | Sapotaceae sp. | Euphorbiaceae | H_LL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: G J | ||
| *ciici | Symphonia sp. | Guttiferae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: F J | ||||
| *congʊa | Garcinia huillensis | Guttiferae | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K L M | ||||
| *kóndè | Phaseolus sp. | Fabaceae | haricot | bean | HL | N 11 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C |
| *démbé | Strophanthus spp. | Apocynaceae | liane toxique | poisoness creeper | HH | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M |
| *támbá | Strychnos sp. | Loganiaceae | HH | 3 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: E S | ||
| *jóngójàmbá | Albizzia spp. | Mimosaceae | HHLH | N | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *ceeno | Ficus spp. | Moraceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *kòmí | Myrianthus arboreus | Moraceae | LH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *céngà | Pycnanthus spp. | Myristicaceae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *panga | Maesa lanceolata | Myrsinaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *koma | Arecaceae spp. | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: E F L | |||||
| *còngú | Maesopsis eminii | Rhamnaceae | LH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *bónòbónò | Ricinus communis | Euphorbiaceae | ricin | castor oil plant | HLHL | N 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J M |
| *bɪdʊ | Vangueria sp. | Rubiaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: E G | ||||
| *cambɪa | Sapotaceae spp. | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 4: E G J M | |||||
| *dede | Sterculia africana | Sterculiaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N S | ||||
| *godia | Sterculia spp. | Sterculiaceae | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: E G S | ||||
| *bábì | Urera tenax | Urticaceae | HL | N | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
| *joco | Oryza sativa | Poaceae | riz | rice | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||
| *pʊ̀ngà | Oryza sp. | Poaceae | riz | rice | LL | N 3 | Distribution provisoirement réunie avec HH, fiche 2656. A étudier. Diffusion ? |
| *pʊ̀ngá | Oryza sp. | Poaceae | riz | rice | LH | N 3 | Distribution provisoirement réunie avec HH, fiche 2656. A étudier. Diffusion ? |
| *pʊ́ngá | Oryza sp. | Poaceae | riz | rice | HH | N 3 | Regions 4: NW Ce NE SE - Zones 9: C E G J L M N P S |
| *tétè | HL | N 5/6, (11/10) | LL en L31a luba-Ks . VV en J . | ||||
| *dʊ̀ndʊ̀ | liane à caoutchouc | gum creeper | LL | 14-Sep | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | ||
| *tʊ́pɪ̀ | Landolphia sp. | Apocynaceae | liane à caoutchouc | gum creeper | HL | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C |
| *bʊ̀ngò | Landolphia sp. | Apocynaceae | liane et son fruit | creeper and fruit | LL | N 5 - 3 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 7: E G J L M N S |
| *bʊ́gʊ́ | liane sp. | creeper sp. | HH | 3-Sep | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: E J | ||
| *cʊ̀dɪ́ | liane sp. | creeper sp. | LH | 11 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *dʊ̀gʊ̀ | Piper guineense | Piperaceae | liane sp. | creeper sp. | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C |
| *nyàngá | Landolphia buchananii | Apocynaceae | LH | 11 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: L S | ||
| *ntʊ̀kʊjìnama | Clematis | Ranunculaceae | L_L__ | N 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | ||
| *tétè | roseau ; liane | reed; liana | HL | N 5/6, (11/10) | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 13: B C D F G H K L M N P R S | ||
| *càngà | roseau spp. | reed spp. | LL | 11 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
| *déngé | Poaceae sp. | roseau | reed | HH | 5 | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 3: C D L |
Arbres
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *càmbà | Brachystegia spp. | Caesalpiniaceae | LL | N 3 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: C K L M | ||
| *tɪ́ | arbre ; bâton | tree; stick | H | N 3/4 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 14: A B C D E F G H J K L M R S | ||
| *tungo | Anisophyllea | Anisophylleaceae | arbre (fruit comestible) | tree (edible fruit) | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H L M | ||
| *bɪ́dɪ́ | Canarium schweinfurthii | Burseraceae | arbre (safoutier) | HH | N 3 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 6: A C D H K L | |
| *cʊpi | Bombacaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: G J | |||||
| *camba | Commiphora | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *nyíngà | Pterocarpus sp. | arbre à bois rouge | tree with red wood | HL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: F | |
| *còngòdè | Strychnos cocculoides | Loganiaceae | arbre à fruits comestibles | tree with edible fruits | LLL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M |
| *bʊ̀dɪ̀ | Diplorhynchus sp. | Apocynaceae | arbre à glu | bird-lime tree | LL | 3/4 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L |
| *pɪ̀dà | arbre à gomme ; caoutchouc | rubber-tree; rubber | LL | N 3 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 8: D E G J L M N S | ||
| *bʊ̀jʊ́ | Adansonia digitata | Bombacaceae | arbre baobab | baobab | LH | N 3/4 | Regions 4: NW Ce NE SE - Zones 5: C G M N S |
| *jìngà | arbre épineux | thorn-tree | LL | N | C1 y chez Gt. | ||
| *ngà | arbre épineux | thorn-tree | L | N | Gt ps 200 | ||
| *gʊ̀ngà | Acacia sp. | Mimosaceae | arbre épineux | thorn-tree | LL | N 3/4, 5/6 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: E G J K L M N S |
| *kʊda | Pterocarpus sp. | Fabaceae | arbre fournissant poudre rouge | tree providing red powder | HL | N 3 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K L M |
| *kòmè | Strychnos spp. | Loganiaceae | arbre fruitier | fruit tree | LL | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: J L M |
| *kabu | Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum | Arecaceae | arbre palmier | palm-tree | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||
| *cʊgʊcʊgʊ | Phoenix reclinata | Arecaceae | arbre palmier | palm-tree | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *bude | Salix subserrata | Salicaceae | arbre saule | willow | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: M S | ||
| *dímàmʊ̀dɪ̀dò | arbre sp. | HLLLL | N 7 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: J S | |||
| *càcè | arbre sp. (bois utilisé pour mortiers) | tree sp. (wood used for mortars) | LL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *bʊmbo | Lannea sp. | Anacardiaceae | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 4: J L M S | ||||
| *kùkà | Alstonia congensis | Apocynaceae | LL | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A C | ||
| *bàmbʊ̀àngòmà | Balanites aegyptiaca | Apocynaceae | LLLLL | N 3 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: L M S | ||
| *bàmbʊ̀àngòmà | Carissa edulis | Balanitaceae | LLLLL | N 3 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: L M S | ||
| *cʊbo | Brachystegia sp. | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | ||||
| *tʊ́pà | Euphorbia candelabrum | Euphorbiaceae | euphorbe candélabre | HL | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J L | |
| *pʊndʊ | Parinari mobola | Rosaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *pʊʊpʊe | Fagara sp. | Rutaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *toba | Diplorhynchus spp. | Apocynaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: M N S | ||||
| *càcà | Sapium ellipticum | Euphorbiaceae | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: F J | ||
| *jɪba | Acacia sp. | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||||
| *dódò | Anona spp. | Anonaceae | HL | N 3 | Regions 4: NW SW Ce SE - Zones 6: C H K L M S | ||
| *kompua | Carissa edulis | Apocynaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *jengede | Diplorhynchus mossambicensis | Apocynaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *kudʊ | Polyscias sp. | Araliaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: E J | ||||
| *dámbà | baobab | baobab | HL | N 3/4 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: E G P | ||
| *dámbé | baobab | baobab | HH | N 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N P | ||
| *bídʊ | bibassier (dit néflier) | medlar tree | H_ | 3 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 4: F G J S | ||
| *cɪoda | Markhamia platycalyx | Bignoniaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *búgangòmà | Cordia sp. | Boraginaceae | H_LL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *jɪ́dɪ́ | Canarium schweinfurthii | Burseraceae | HH | N | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A C | ||
| *pùmbè | Caesalpiniaceae | LL | 3/4 | Regions 3: SW Ce NE - Zones 4: J K L M | |||
| *kamba | Afzelia quanzensis | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: E S | ||||
| *caka | Brachystegia spp. | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: M | ||||
| *pʊ̀mí | Erythrophleum guineense | Caesalpiniaceae | LH | N | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: C D K M | ||
| *tʊkʊtʊ | Piliostigma thonningii | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N S | ||||
| *dama | Piliostigma thonningii | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *gùmbú | Schotia romii | Caesalpiniaceae | LH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *dàdé | Schwarzia madagascariensis | Caesalpiniaceae | LH | 9 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K L M | ||
| *dʊdʊe | Caesalpiniaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||||
| *konono | Terminalia spp. | Combretaceae | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||||
| *damane | Combretum ghasalense | Combretaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: M S | ||||
| *pʊmpa | Combretum sp. | Combretaceae | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||||
| *dàmá | Combretum spp. | Combretaceae | LH | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 6: E F J L M N | ||
| *cʊ́cʊ̀ | Terminalia sp. | Combretaceae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
| *dʊdʊdia | Vernonia sp. | Compositae | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: J S | ||||
| *ntʊ̀pìita | Ebenaceae | LL__ | N 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
| *ntʊ̀kapìita | Ebenaceae | L_L__ | N 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
| *pumbo | Diospyros batocana | Ebenaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *kenge | Diospyros spp. | Ebenaceae | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: L S | ||||
| *pɪ́ngò | ébène | ebony-tree | HL | N 3/4 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 5: E G N P S | ||
| *caca | Macaranga sp. | Euphorbiaceae | Regions 3: NW NE - Zones 2: C J | ||||
| *cʊ̀kʊ̀ | Uapaca sp. | Euphorbiaceae | LL | 3 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 4: L M N S | ||
| *kʊ̀cʊ̀ | Uapaca sp. | Euphorbiaceae | LL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *dɪ̀ndì | Erythrina sp. | Fabaceae | LL | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *dʊngʊ | Erythrina sp. | Fabaceae | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: E J S | ||||
| *bàngá | Pericopsis angolensis | Fabaceae | LH | N 3 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 5: J K L M S | ||
| *dombʊa | Pterocarpus angolensis | Fabaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *kʊ́nyʊ̀ | Moraceae | figuier | fig-tree | HL | N 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J M | |
| *kʊ́jà | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | figuier | fig-tree | HL | N | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: L S |
| *kʊ́jʊ̀ | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | figuier | fig-tree | HL | N 3/4, 7/8 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 12: D E F G H J K L N P R S |
| *pudu | Irvingiaceae sp. | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||||
| *jembe | manguier | mango-tree | N 3 | Regions 3: SW Ce NE - Zones 5: E H J L M | |||
| *dʊdʊ | Meliaceae sp. | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: L M S | |||||
| *bʊba | Mimosaceae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J M | |||||
| *cangʊ | Mimosaceae spp. | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: M S | |||||
| *gàndò | Acacia spp. | Mimosaceae | LL | 11 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *cebeja | Albizzia spp. | Mimosaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *pʊngɪ | Bosqueia angolensis | Moraceae | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||||
| *bude | Chlorophora excelsa | Moraceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 3: E G J | ||||
| *dʊ̀ndʊ́ | Chlorophora excelsa | Moraceae | LH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *tàbà | Ficus | Moraceae | LL | 3 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K M | ||
| *dʊmba | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: D J L | ||||
| *gùmò | Ficus sp. | Moraceae | LL | 3/4 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: G J S | ||
| *còmbò | Myrtaceae spp. | LL | 3 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K L M | |||
| *donko | Milletia sp. | Papilionaceae | petit arbre | small tree | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *túdà | Sclerocarya birrea caffra | Anacardiaceae | noyer sauvage | wild nut-tree | HL | 3/4 | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N S |
| *kɪ̀ndʊ́ | Phoenix reclinata | Arecaceae | LH | N 3/4 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: E G J K L M P S | ||
| *dàdá | Arecaceae | palmier ; palme | palm-tree; palm-frond | LH | N 3/4 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 7: G H L M N P S | |
| *bádè | Arecaceae | palmier sp. ; nervure de palme ; palme | palm-tree; midrib of palm-frond; leaf of palm | HL | N 3/4, 7/8 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: B E G K L M P R | |
| *téndé | Elaeis guineensis | Arecaceae | palmier | palm-tree | HH | N (3/4) | Regions 4: NW SW NE - Zones 3: A G H |
| *téndé | Elaeis guineensis | Arecaceae | palmier | palm-tree | HH | N (3/4) | |
| *tèmbè | Ensete | plantain sauvage | wild plantain | LL | 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
| *canɪnga | Faurea sp. | Proteaceae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *tobo | prunier sauvage | wild plum | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 3: M N P | ||||
| *bóngò | Raphia humilis | HL | 5 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 3: B D H | |||
| *kʊndʊ | Mitragyna rubrostipulata | Rubiaceae | N 3 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: E | |||
| *dʊdʊ | Chrysophyllum albidum | Sapotaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *pumbʊ | Tiliaceae | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||||
| *dʊndʊ | Celtis sp. | Ulmaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: E | ||||
| *jʊpue | Myrianthus holstii | Urticaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *kudʊ | Vitex sp. | Verbenaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 3: E G J | ||||
| *kudʊmbʊa__HL | Vitex sp. | Verbenaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *kútʊ̀ | Vitex sp. | Verbenaceae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *kútʊ̀kɪnka | Vitex sp. | Verbenaceae | HL__ | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | ||
| *dìgá | Arecaceae | noix de palme | nut of oil-palm | LH | 3 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |
| *jʊ̀mbá | Elaeis guineensis | Arecaceae | noix de palme de l'arbre | palm nut of tree | LH | 11 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C |
| *gàdí | Arecaceae | noix de palmier à huile | nut of oil-palm | LH | N 9/10, (11/10) | Gt 768 | |
| *nkòndò | Musaceae | banane | banana | LL | N 5/6, 7/8 | Agglutination de PN 9. | |
| *tʊntʊ | Musa sp. | Musaceae | banane (à bière) | banana (for beer), fruit of Musaceae | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *nyamʊjinyʊ | Musaceae | banane comestible sp. | edible banana sp. | HL | N 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
| *kòndè | Musaceae | banane | banana | LL | N 5/6, (7/8) | Regions 4: NW SW Ce NE - Zones 11: A B C D F H K L M N R | |
| *kòndò | Musaceae | banane | banana | LL | N 5/6, 7/8 | Regions 4: NW SW NE - Zones 6: A B C G H K | |
| *tuka | Musa sp. | Musaceae | banane (fruit de l'arbre) | banana (fruit of plant) | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: C H | ||
| *kòòndè | Musaceae | banane | banana | LLL | N 5/6, (7/8) | Pas d'opposition établie V/VV dans ce contexte. | |
| *kòòndò | Musaceae | banane | banana | LLL | N 5/6, 7/8 | Pas d'opposition établie entre V/ VV dans ce contexte. |
Mammifères
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *játɪ́ | Syncerus caffer (nanus) | buffle | HH | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 5: B C M N R | ||
| *bògó | Syncerus caffer | buffle | LH | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 9: A C D E F G J M N | ||
| *pàkàcà | Syncerus caffer | buffle | LLL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: B H K L | ||
| *játɪ̀ | Syncerus caffer (nanus) | buffle | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: A | ||
| *játì | Syncerus caffer (nanus) | buffle | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
| *nyátɪ̀ | Syncerus caffer (nanus) | buffle | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 9: B C E G M N P R S | ||
| *kʊngʊdʊ | Loxodonta africana | éléphant adulte | adult elephant | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
| *jàmbá | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | LH | 9/10 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H L R | |
| *jègù | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | LL | N (9/10) | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 3: A J L | |
| *jògʊ̀ | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | LL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: SW SE - Zones 2: R S | |
| *jògù | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | LL | N (9/6), 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 14: A B C D E F G J K L M N R S | |
| *pʊdɪ | Loxodonta africana | éléphant | elephant | Regions 3: NW NE - Zones 2: B F | |||
| *conɪ | Atelerix frontalis | Erinaceidae | hérisson | hedgehog | Regions 3: SW SE - Zones 2: R S | ||
| *gʊ̀bú | Hippopotamus amphibius | hippopotame | hippopotamus | LH | N 9/10 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H K L | |
| *gùbʊ́ | Hippopotamus amphibius | hippopotame | hippopotamus | LH | N 9/6, 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 14: A B C D E F H J K L M N R S | |
| *gùbú | Hippopotamus amphibius | hippopotame | hippopotamus | LH | N 9/6, 9/10 | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 3: C K R | |
| *mondo | Leptailurus serval | Felidae | chat-tigre, serval | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J |
Antilopes
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *bindi | Cephalophus callipygus; Cephalophus nigrifrons | antilope | antelope | LH | A | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: A | |
| *bàbàdá | guib | bushbuck | LLH | N 9/10 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 4: G N P S | ||
| *pàmbí | guib | bushbuck | LH | 9 | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C D | ||
| *dooko | Hippotragus niger | antilope des sables | sable antelope | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | |||
| *cèpú | Taurotragus oryx | éland | LH | N (1a/2), (9/10) | Regions 3: SW Ce SE - Zones 5: H K L M P | ||
| *cèkú | Tragelaphus oryx | éland | LH | N (1a/2), (9/10) | C2 ? Choix arbitraire. | ||
| *tàmʊ̀ | Tragelaphus oryx | éland | LL | 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *cètú | Tragelaphus oryx | éland | LH | N (1a/2), (9/10) | C2 ? Choix arbitraire. | ||
| *pàdá | Aepyceros melampus | impala | LH | N (3/4), 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 10: C E F G J L M P R S | ||
| *cʊnʊ | Aepyceros melampus | impala | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *codongo | Tragelaphus sp. | kudu | Regions 1: SW - Zones 2: K R | ||||
| *tándadá | Tragelaphus sp. | kudu | H_H | 9 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *cɪ́dàbò | Ourebia ourebi | ourébi | oribi | HLL | 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
| *kʊcʊ | Alcelaphus buselaphus | bubale | Regions 1: SW - Zones 1: R | ||||
| *pòngò | Tragelaphus scriptus | guib | bushbuck | LL | N 9 | Regions 3: NW NE - Zones 4: A F G J | |
| *kudupa | Cephalophus dorsalis | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||||
| *kʊdʊpa | Cephalophus dorsalis | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C L | |||||
| *bambɪ | Cephalophus sp. | Regions 1: SW - Zones 3: H K R | |||||
| *tèngʊ́ | Hippotragus equinus | LH | N 9 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 6: C J K L M S | |||
| *pùmbó | Hippotragus sp. | LH | 11 | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C L | |||
| *gʊ̀dʊ́dʊ | Oreotragus oreotragus (transvaalensis) | LH_ | 9/10 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | |||
| *cama | Reduncinae spp. | waterbuck, reedbuck | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *jàdìà | Redunca arundinum | Reduncinae | reedbuck | LLL | 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
| *kókó | Tragelaphus scriptus | HH | 3/4 | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: A H |
Rongeurs
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *cèngí | Thryonomys swinderianus | rat des roseaux ; rat-castor | cane-rat; beaver-rat | LH | N 9/10 | Regions 3: SW Ce SE - Zones 5: K L M N S | |
| *cèndí | Thryonomys swinderianus | rat des roseaux ; rat-castor | cane-rat; beaver-rat | LH | N 9/10 | Réflexes ambigus de C2 : choix arbitraire. | |
| *kengi | Thryonomys swinderianus | rat des roseaux ; rat-castor | cane-rat; beaver-rat | Pas d'attestation sûre. | |||
| *kònjò | rat domestique | domestic rat | LL | N 5 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 1: S | ||
| *gode | rongeur ; rat | rodent; rat | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 2: G S | ||||
| *dʊ̀ngʊ́ | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N (7/8), 9/10 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 7: E F G M N R S | ||
| *nʊ̀ngɪ́ | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N (7/8) | Règle de Meinhof, cl. 9 attestée en N41. | ||
| *nʊ̀ngʊ́ | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N 9/10 | Règle de Meinhof. | ||
| *nùngʊ́ | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N 9/10 | Seule attestation plausible: R22. | ||
| *dʊ̀ngɪ́ | Hystricidae | porc-épic | porcupine | LH | N | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: K M N | |
| *pʊ́kʊ̀ | rat ; souris | rat; mouse | HL | N 1a/2, 5/6, 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 14: A B C D F G H K L M N P R S | ||
| *dʊnga | souris (malodorante) sp. | mouse (ill smelling) sp. | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *cʊdʊ | Tatera sp. | Murides | souris | mouse | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L |
Singes
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *còkó | Cercopithecus spp. | LH | N 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: A C D G K L M S | |||
| *jʊ̀mbʊ́ | Mandrillus sphinx | mandrill | mandrill | LH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: A | |
| *tʊmbɪdɪ | Cercopithecus | N | 9 | Regions 2: NE SE - Zones 3: G F S | |||
| *gìdà | Gorilla gorilla | Cercopithecidae | LL | N 9 | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 3: A C D | ||
| *pʊndʊ | chimpanzé | chimpanzee | Regions 3: SW NE - Zones 2: J K | ||||
| *geje | Colobus spp. | colobe noir-et-blanc | black and white colobus | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J |
Oiseaux
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *dègè | tisserin | weaver-bird | LL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 7: B C E F G J M | ||
| *joco | canard sauvage | wild duck | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *tɪ̀ɪ̀tɪ̀ | oiseau chanteur, fauvette | singing bird, warbler | LLL | 12 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *cʊ́dè | Colius striatus | Coliidae | oiseau coliou | HL | 9/10 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |
| *pʊngʊa | oiseau de proie sp. | bird of prey sp. | N 1a | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
| *bemba | oiseau de proie spp. | bird of prey spp. | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *kódì | oiseau de proie spp., faucon spp. | bird of prey spp., hawk spp. | HL | N (5/6), (7/8), 9/10, 11/10, (12/13), (19/13) | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 12: A B C D G J K L M N R S | ||
| *kʊ̀tà | oiseau sp. | bird sp. | LL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *dʊ̀kʊ̀ | oiseau sp. | bird sp. | LL | N 9 | Regions 4: NW NE SE - Zones 3: C J S | ||
| *dʊmbʊa | oiseau sp. (volant en groupe) | bird sp. (flying in group) | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *pʊ́ngʊ́ | aigle ; corbeau ; oiseau de proie | eagle; crow; bird of prey | HH | N 5/6, 7/8, 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 11: A C E G H J K L N P S | ||
| *pʊ́ngʊ̀è | aigle ; corbeau ; oiseau de proie | eagle; crow; bird of prey | HLL | N | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 4: F J L S | ||
| *kʊadi | aigle pêcheur | fish eagle | N 9 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 5: J L M N P | |||
| *camba | Accipitridae sp. | aigle | eagle | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |||
| *poi | autruche | ostrich | Regions 3: SW SE - Zones 2: R S | ||||
| *gòmbà | calao | hornbill | LL | 3+9 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *cʊʊpe | canard | duck | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *cʊecʊe | canard ; oie | duck; goose | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||||
| *kʊ́mbɪ́ | cigogne sp. | stork sp. | HH | N (9/10) | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: C K L R | ||
| *kʊngʊbʊ | corbeau | crow | Regions 2: Ce SE - Zones 2: N S | ||||
| *kʊ́mbɪ́ | faucon | hawk | HH | N (9/10) | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 3: A C L | ||
| *gʊ̀àdɪ́ | francolin | francolin | LLH | N (7/8), 9/10 | Vérifier les réflexes de NC (contact PN 9 et C1). | ||
| *kʊ̀àdɪ́ | Francolinus natalensis | francolin | francolin | LLH | N 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 11: A B C H J K L N P R S | |
| *kʊ̀àdé | Francolinus natalensis | francolin | francolin | LLH | N (7/8), 9/10 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 8: E F G J L M N S | |
| *cambɪ | grue couronnée | crested crane | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *tʊatʊa | héron sp. | heron sp. | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *jàngé | aigrette ; héron | heron; egret | LH | N 9 | Regions 3: SW Ce NE - Zones 5: E G H J L | ||
| *cukudu | Strigidae | hibou | owl | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A C | |||
| *puɪpuɪ | Strigidae | hibou | owl | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | |||
| *pʊ́ngʊ̀dʊ | Strigidae | hibou | owl | HL_ | N 7 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: J L | |
| *pʊʊnyɪda | Strigidae | hibou | owl | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | |||
| *bʊembʊeto | Upupidae | huppe | hoopoe | Regions 1: SW - Zones 1: K | |||
| *nganga | ibis | ibis | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||||
| *jondia | merle | blackbird | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *coode | Passer domesticus | Ploceidae | moineau | sparrow | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: C L | ||
| *cʊ̀kʊ̀ | perroquet | parrot | LL | N 12 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: G M | ||
| *dongo | perroquet | parrot | N 12 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | |||
| *kʊ̀cʊ̀ | perroquet | parrot | LL | N (1a/2), (9/6), 9/10 | Regions 4: NW SW Ce NE - Zones 9: A B C E F H J L M | ||
| *gʊ̀cʊ̀ | perroquet sp. | parrot sp. | LL | N 9/10 | Pas de réflexes clairs de g . | ||
| *jʊ́bà | pigeon | pigeon | HL | N 5 | Regions 1: SE - Zones 2: P S | ||
| *pʊ́mpʊ́ | pigeon | pigeon | HH | 7+9 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *bɪmbɪ | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||||
| *gɪ́bà | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | HL | N | Gt ps 216 | ||
| *jɪ́bà | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | HL | N 5/6, 5/10 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 8: E F G J M N P S | ||
| *jɪ́bà | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | HL | N | Gt C1 y /j: voir fiche 1591. | ||
| *kʊ́ndá | pigeon sp. | pigeon sp. | HH | N (1a/2), 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: B G H L M N P R | ||
| *bèmbɪ́ | pigeon spp. | pigeon spp. | LH | 9 | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H K L | ||
| *kángà | pintade | guinea-fowl | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 5: NW SW Ce NE SE - Zones 16: A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S | ||
| *kòkú | pintade | guinea-fowl | LH | N 11 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *cacɪ | pique-bœufs | tick-bird | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||||
| *jukʊa | poule | chicken | Regions 1: SW - Zones 1: R | ||||
| *kúbà | poule | chicken | HL | N 9/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 3: A B C | ||
| *kʊ́kʊ̀ | poule | chicken | HL | N 9/10 | Distribution provisoirement avec HH, fiche 2021. Tons ? | ||
| *kʊ́kʊ́ | poule | chicken | HH | N 9/10 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 11: G E F H K L M N P R S | ||
| *kʊ́mbʊ́ | poule | chicken | HH | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | ||
| *cʊ́gé | poulet, jeune poule | chicken, young hen | HH | 7 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *cʊ̀ì | poussin | chick | LL | 12/13 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: E J | ||
| *jò | rapace spp. | raptor spp. | L | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *dègè | tisserin | weaver-bird | LL | N | Gt 522 | ||
| *dʊba | touraco | turaco | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 3: H L M |
Poissons
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *bonde | Chrysichthys brachynema | Bagridae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||||
| *kèké | Luciolates stappersi | Centropomidae | LH | N 3 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 4: C D G J | ||
| *nʊ̀ngɪ́ | Grammatotria lemairi i | Cichlidae | LH | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *dòmò | Haplochromis horei | Cichlidae | LL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *dʊnga | poisson salé et séché | salted and dried fish | N | 5 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *dombe | Clariidae sp. | poisson silure | sheat-fish | Regions 2: SW Ce - Zones 2: K L | |||
| *pàtà | poisson sp., avec nageoire venimeuse | fish sp., with venomous flipper | LL | 11 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M | ||
| *bàndà | Hydrocynus sp. | Characidae | poisson tigre | tiger-fish | LL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 4: D G L M |
| *kodo | Clariidae sp. | poisson, silure | cat-fish | Regions 3: NW NE - Zones 3: A C J | |||
| *càngàdà | Lates mariae | Centropomidae | LLL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||
| *gongo | Synodontis multipunctatus | Mochokidae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||||
| *cimba | Marcusenius stanleyanus | Mormyridae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
| *pété | Ctenopoma kingsleyae | Anabantidae | HH | 7/8 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *kʊ́ngá | Protopteridae sp. | anguille | eel | HH | N 3/4, 9/10 | Regions 4: SW Ce NE SE - Zones 8: D E G L N P R S | |
| *kámbà | Bagridae sp. | HL | 9 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | |||
| *bʊ̀já | Auchenoglanis occidentalis | Bagridae | LH | 7/8 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||
| *nʊ̀ngú | Bagrus ubangensis | Bagridae | LH | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||
| *bʊ̀kʊ̀ | Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus | Bagridae | LL | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *budʊe | Chrysichthys brachynema | Bagridae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
| *tudi | Chrysichthys thysi | Bagridae | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||||
| *kʊ́kʊ̀ | Parauchenoglanis pantherinus | Bagridae | HL | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *kaba | Caranx hippos | Carangidae | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: B H | ||||
| *gòmbà | Lates angustifrons | Centropomidae | LL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *pídì | Parachanna obscura | Channidae | HL | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *pʊngʊ | Alestes macrolepidotus | Characidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||||
| *jábá | Alestes macrophthalmus | Characidae | HH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *jéngè | Hepsetus odoe | Characidae | HL | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: D L | ||
| *gòdoko | Alestes rhodopleura | Characidae | L__ | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||
| *bego | Lamprologus compressiceps | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
| *dʊnda | Xenotilapia melanogenys | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
| *dɪdɪma | Callochromis macrops melanostigma | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
| *dàdà | Cyathopharynx furcifer | Cichlidae | LL | 5 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *kóòkó | Haplotaxodon microlepis | Cichlidae | HLH | 11 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||
| *kègé | Hemichromis elongatus | Cichlidae | LH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *tíndí | Hemichromis elongatus | Cichlidae | HH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *dʊ́dʊà | Lamprologus elongatus | Cichlidae | H_L | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *jekedede | Lamprologus callipterus | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
| *kàdàkàtà | Lamprologus lemairei | Cichlidae | LLLL | 7 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *kʊmbɪ | Lamprologus modestus | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
| *púbépúbè | Limnochromis auritus | Cichlidae | HHHL | 7 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *kʊngʊda | Limnotilapia dardennei | Cichlidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 3: D G J | ||||
| *búndú | Tilapia heudelotii | Cichlidae | HH | 7/8 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 3: A B C | ||
| *gòtó | Clarias gariepinus | Clariidae | LH | 9/10 | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: B H | ||
| *dʊ́mɪ́ | Clarias lazera | Clariidae | HH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *càmbàngòdà | Heterobranchus longifilis | Clariidae | LLLL | 7 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||
| *gòdà | Clarias pachynema | Clariidae | LL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: NW SW Ce - Zones 4: A B D H | ||
| *camba | Clupeidae sp. | Regions 2: NW Ce - Zones 2: A D | |||||
| *dʊmba | Stolothrissa tanganicae | Clupeidae | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||||
| *bíja | Limnothrissa miodon | Clupeidae | H_ | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *cúí | Barbus compinei | Cyprinidae | HH | N | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
| *pʊndi | Barbus holotaenia | Cyprinidae | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D | ||||
| *túngú | Labeo sp. | Cyprinidae | HH | 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *pèní | Raiamas buchholzi | Cyprinidae | LH | 3/4 - 11/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *bàdàkà | Varicorhinus tanganicae | Cyprinidae | LLL | 9 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D J | ||
| *cándʊ́ | Distichodus fasciolatus | Distichodontidae | HH | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *cʊ̀kʊ̀ | Distichodus fasciolatus | Distichodontidae | LL | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *kʊ̀cɪ̀ | Distichodus hypostomatus | Distichodontidae | LL | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *dèké | Malapterurus electricus | Malapteruridae | LH | 5/6 | Regions 2: NW SW - Zones 2: B H | ||
| *nyìngì | Malapterurus electricus | Malapteruridae | LL | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
| *túdá | Malapterurus electricus | Malapteruridae | HH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: B C | ||
| *nyɪ̀ka | Malapterurus electricus | Malapteruridae | L_ | 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 2: G J | ||
| *dòmbó | Mastacembelus ophidium | Mastacembelidae | LH | 3 | Regions 2: Ce NE - Zones 2: D G | ||
| *bòngí | Synodontis polyodon | Mochokidae | LH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
| *cʊ́ngʊ̀ | Synodontis polyodon | Mochokidae | HL | 9/10 - 3/4 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *pʊ̀ngɪ̀ | Synodontis polyodon | Mochokidae | LL | 5/6 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *jàdìtódì | Boulengeromyrus knoepffleri | Mormyridae | LLHL | 11/2 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||
| *mònó | Mugil sp. | Mugilidae | LH | 9/10 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 2: A B | ||
| *dɪgɪdɪ | Xenomystus nigri | Notopteridae | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: B | ||||
| *cíngá | Ophiocephalus | Ophiocephalidae | HH | 9 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *cèmbè | Protopterus aethiopicus congicus | Protopteridae | LL | 9 | Regions 3: NW Ce NE - Zones 3: C D G | ||
| *combi | silure sp., anguille | sheat-fish sp., eel | Regions 3: SW Ce NE - Zones 3: H J L | ||||
| *tutu | Tetraodon | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: D |
Reptiles et insectes
| proto-bantou | nom scientifique | famille | français | anglais | ton | classe | distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *kèkè | serpent aquatique sp. | aquatic snake sp. | LL | 9 | Regions 1: NW - Zones 1: C | ||
| *túɪda | serpent cracheur | spitting snake | H__ | N 9 | Regions 1: NE - Zones 1: J | ||
| *dóódó | Chlorophis sp. | serpent vert | green snake: Chlorophis sp. | HHH | 3 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 1: L | |
| *bòmà | python | python | LL | N (3/4), 9/l0 | Regions 4: NW SW Ce SE - Zones 9: A B C H K L M R S | ||
| *cátò | python | python | HL | N 9/10 | Regions 3: Ce NE SE - Zones 10: D E F G J L M N P S | ||
| *díémbé | tsetse fly | HHH | 12 | Regions 1: Ce - Zones 2: L M |
Notes et références
- code générique
- Bastin, Yvonne, André Coupez, Evariste Mumba et Thilo C. Schadeberg (éds) (2002). Reconstructions lexicales bantoues 3. Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale, Tervuren.
Voir aussi
Liens internes
Liens externes
- (en) Bantu Lexical Reconstruction 3 (Reconstruction lexicale bantoue), Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale.
- (en) Guthrie’s Proto-Bantu forms (Formes proto-bantu de Guthrie)
Portail des langues
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