Liste des mots anglais d'origine germanique et leurs équivalents d'origine latine

Cette liste contient des mots anglais d'origine germanique et leurs équivalents d'origine latine. Les mots qu'ils soient d'étymologie germanique ou latine peuvent avoir été transmis à l'anglais par l'intermédiaire du français ou plus rarement d'une autre langue, les mots français représentant environ 29% des mots anglais, à proportion égale des emprunts directs au latin. La correspondance est sémantique dans la plupart des cas. Ces mots ne sont pas apparentés, mais dans certains cas, ils sont des doublets, par exemple, comme avec cow et beef, les deux provenant de manière ultime du proto-indo-européen *gʷōus, le premier étant hérité directement de l'anglo-saxon et le second étant un emprunt à l'ancien français.

Les significations de ces mots ne correspondent pas toujours à ceux d'origine germanique, et, parfois, le sens est spécifique à l'anglais.

Liste des mots anglais d'origine germanique et leurs équivalents d'origine latine.

Origine du mot germanique Produit du mot germanique Produit du mot latin Origine du mot latin
Frankish *bannjan, *bandjan

PGmc *laibijanan + *af-
PGmc *fur- + *sakanan
PGmc *fur- + *lǣtanan
PGmc *gebanan + *ūp
PGmc *bi-linnanan

abandon

leave, leave off forsake forlet give up blin

relinquish

abdicate desert renounce

relinquere < re- + linquere

abdicāre < ab- + dicātus
dēserere < dē- + serere
renūntiāre < re- + nūntius

PGmc *akiz

Frankish *hūrt
PGmc *smartōn-
PGmc *wai
PGmc *sairaz
PGmc *þrawō
PGmc *warkiz

ache

hurt smart woe sore throe wark

pain

agony

poena < Gk poinē

L.L. agōnia < Gk agōniā

PGmc *lataz, *lētiz (Frankish *lat, *lēti)

PGmc *trewwiþō

allegiance

troth

fidelity

loyalty

fidēlitās

lēgālis

PGmc *ana + *libaz

PGmc *kwikwaz

alive

quick (living)

animate animātus < animāre < anima
Old Norse angr

PGmc *wraiþiþo

anger

wrath

rage

ire

rabiēs

īra

Frankish *raidjan

PGmc *raihwaz
PGmc *hrengaz (Frankish *hring)
PGmc *līnion + *ūp
PGmc *sat-
PGmc *hlutom
PGmc *līston

array

row range, rak> line, lineup set lot list

series

order sequence

seriēs < serere

ordō
L.L. sequentia < sequēns < sequī

Old English *andswaru answer response responsum
WGmc *aiskōn

PGmc *frignanan
PGmc *besōkjanan
Old English bedecian
PGmc *sōkjanan

ask

frain beseech beg seek

inquire

request

in + quaerere

re + quaerere

PGmc *ga-waraz

PGmc *ana + *breustam
PGmc *ūp + * + *spōdiz

aware

abreast up to speed

cognizant cognoscere
WGmc *bauknan

Frankish *baukan
Old Norse *flǫgra, flakka
Frankish *hariwald
Frankish *heriberga
Frankish *witan

beacon

buoy flag herald harbinger guide

signal

indicator

M.L. signāle

M.L. indicātor

PGmc *beforan

PGmc *beforan + *handuz
PGmc *ana + *haubuþan + *af
PGmc *airiz

before

beforehand ahead of ee

prior prior
PGmc * + *hafjanan

PGmc *beranan + *-unga
Frankish *stikkan
Frankish *wīsa
PGmc *wegaz

behaviour

bearing etiquette guise way

action

attitude manner conduct

āctiō

L.L. aptitūdō
V.L. *manuāria < L manuārius < manus
M.L. conductus < L condūcere

PGmc * + *haitanan

PGmc *bidjanan + *-unga

behest

bidding

command

order

V.L. commandāre

ordō

PGmc *bī- + *hōfan

PGmc *gagniz
PGmc *fura- + *dailiz
PGmc *bōniz
PGmc *blōdisōjanan + *-unga
PGmc *wela + *farō

behoof

gain foredeal boon blessing welfare

advantage

benefit

L.L.*abantaticum

benefactum

WGmc *bī- + *ginnan

PGmc *sturtjanan

begin

[start

commence com + initiāre
PGmc *ga-laubjan

PGmc *ga-menþijan + *sat-
PGmc *gōdaz + *spellan
PGmc *trewwiþō
PGmc *hlinunga

belief

mindset gospel truth leaning

creed crēdere
PGmc *bilībanan

PGmc *uz- + *bīdanan
PGmc *terganan
PGmc *stadiz

belive, belave

abide
tarry
stay

remain re- + manere
PGmc *balgiz

PGmc *medi- + *hrefiz
PGmc *wambō

belly

midriff
womb

abdomen abdomen
Middle English bigge (< Old Norse?)

PGmc *grautaz
PGmc *stōraz, stōriz
PGmc *mikilaz
PGmc *haugaz (Frankish *houg)

big

great
stour
mickle
huge

large

grand

larga < largus

grandis

PGmc *gaburþiz + *dagaz

PGmc *jēran + *tīdiz

birthday

yeartide

anniversary M.L. (diēs) anniversāria
PGmc *blījom

PGmc *hīwjan
PGmc *daugō
PGmc *skadwō
PGmc *wlitiz

blee

hue
dye
shade
lit

colour AN colur < OF colour < L color < OL colos
PGmc *blōmōn

PGmc *blōsmaz
PGmc *buzdōn
PGmc *burjō(n) (Frankish *burjan)

bloom

blossom
bud
burgeon

flower flor- < flos
PGmc *budagan

PGmc *framojanan
WGmc *makojana + *ūp
PGmc *līkan

body, embodiment

frame
makeup
lich

corpus, corpse

carcass
cadaver

corpus

M.L. carcosium, carcasium < ?
cadāver

PGmc *brōþar brotherly fraternal frāternus
Old English budda

Old English bitela

bug

beetle

insect insectum
Old English byldan

PGmc *raizijanan
PGmc *raizijanan

build

rear
raise

construct cōnstruere < com + struere
Old English bysig + nisse

PGmc *under + *tækanan
PGmc *nutō

business

undertaking
note

affair

enterprise

ad + facere

Fr. entre + prendre

PGmc *bugjanan buy purchase pro- + V.L. *captiare
WGmc *kalbam calf veal vitellus, vitulus
PGmc *kallōjanan + *-unga

Middle English jobbe
PGmc *lība- + *werkan
PGmc *lība- + *laidō
PGmc *libēn- + *-unga

calling

job
lifework
livelihood
living

career

profession
vocation
occupation
employment

L.L. carrāria (via) < Celtic

M.L. professiō
vocātiō
occupātiō
implicāre + -mentum

Frankish *gram, *grinjan

PGmc *maganan
PGmc *skamō

chagrin

dismay
shame

displeasure

dissatisfaction

dis- + L placēre

dis- + L satisfactiō

PGmc *skihanan (Middle High German schicken)

PGmc *trandijanan
PGmc *wagōjanan (Old Saxon wogōn)
PGmc *dapraz (via Middle Dutch dapper)
Middle English dasshen (< Danish daske)
PGmc *swankianan
PGmc *ūp + *tūnaz, *tūnan

chic

trendy
in vogue
dapper
dashing
swanky
uptown

elegant

fashionable
stylish

ēlegāns < ēlegere

factiō < facere
stylus, stilus

PGmc *kilþam

PGmc *barnan
Middle English babe + -y
PGmc *kiþjom (via Old Norse kið)
Middle English newborn

child

bairn
baby
kid
newborn

infant īnfāns
PGmc *keusanan

PGmc *pikkanan
PGmc *walan (Old Norse val)

choose

pick
wale

opt

select

optare

sēlēctus < sēligere < sē- + legere

PGmc *karzjanan chore task M.L. tasca
PGmc *kaldaz

PGmc *kaliz + *-igaz
PGmc *freusanþjaz

cold

chilly
freezing

frigid frigidus
PGmc *kweman

PGmc *landjanan
PGmc *raikijanau
PGmc *getanan
WGmc *makojanan

come

land
reach
get to
make (to a place)

arrive ad + ripa
PGmc *kōuz

PGmc *bullon-
PGmc *nautan
PGmc *uhson
PGmc *steuraz
PGmc *wīsundaz (Old High German wisunt)
Old High German ūrohso

cow

bull
neat
ox
steer
bison
aurochs

beef

cattle

bōs/bovis

V.L. capitale

PGmc *dagaz + *likaz daily diurnal diurnalis
PGmc *daudaz + *likaz

PGmc *banon + *fullaz

deadly

baneful

mortal

fatal

mortālis

fatum

PGmc *dōmjanan

Frankish *wardōn
PGmc *haldanan
PGmc *fōlijanan
PGmc * + *þankjanan

deem

regard
hold
feel
bethink

judge

consider
esteem

iūdicāre

consīderāre
aestimāre

PGmc *deuzam

PGmc *hirutaz
PGmc *dajjō(n) (Old English )
PGmc *hindō
PGmc *stag-
PGmc *raihōn
PGmc *bukkaz

deer

hart
doe
hind
stag
roe
buck

venison venātiō/nis
PGmc *gamainijaz

PGmc *bī- + *lūtilaz
PGmc *putōjanan, pūtjanan + *dūn
PGmc *lǣgaz

demean, bemean

belittle
put down
lower

debase, abase

degrade
humiliate

L.L. bassus < Oscan or Celtic

L.L. dēgradāre < dē- + gradus
L.L. humiliātus < humiliāre < humilis

PGmc *dōnan

PGmc *frumjanan, *framjanan
PGmc *under + *tækanan

do

perform
undertake

execute

dispatch

M.L. execūtāre < ex(s)equī

O.Fr. despeechier < des- + L.L. -pedicāre

Old English docga

PGmc *hundas

dog

hound

canid, canine canis
PGmc *drengkan

PGmc *sweljanan
Old High German garo + ūz
Old Norse ves + heill
PGmc *sūpanan

drink

swill
carouse
wassail
sup, sip

imbibe imbibere < in + bibere
PGmc *dubon dove pigeon

culver

V.L. pibionem

columbula

PGmc *ernust-

PGmc *grimmaz
PGmc *sternijaz

earnest

grim
stern

serious

grave
sober

L.L. sēriōsus

gravis
sōbrius

PGmc *dritō

PGmc *erþō
PGmc *landom
PGmc *grundus
PGmc *landam + *skapiz

dirt

earth
land
ground
landscape

soil

terrain

partly from Latin solium; partly from Old English sol

terrenum < terra

PGmc *austra

PGmc *austra + *līkaz
PGmc *austra + *warþaz

eastern

easterly
eastward

oriental orīri
PGmc *etanan

PGmc *suppanan
PGmc *brekanan + *brauþan
PGmc *bankiz
PGmc *fōdjanan
Middle Dutch snacken
PGmc *swelganan
PGmc *hnaskwajanan
PGmc *tækanan + *in
PGmc *bītanan
PGmc *skirfanan (Old English sceorfan)

eat

sup
break bread
banquet
feed
snack
swallow
nosh
take in
bite
scarf

dine

consume
devour
ingest

V.L. diseieunare < dis + ieiunare

consūmere
dēvorāre
ingestus < ingerere

PGmc *aldiz, *aldō

PGmc *līban + *tīmēn
PGmc *līban + *spannō

eld

lifetime
lifespan

age aevitās ( < aevum) + -age
PGmc *anðiōn

PGmc *fullfuljanan
PGmc *haldanan
PGmc *wrappanan
PGmc *stuppojanan
PGmc *bi-linnanan

end

fulfill
halt
wrap up
stop
blin

finish

complete
discontinue

fīnīre

complēre
dis- + continuāre

PGmc *ebnaz

PGmc *flataz
PGmc *smāþjaz, smōþjaz
PGmc *in + *līnion
PGmc *līnion + *ūp
PGmc *stadō + *-igaz

even

flat
smooth
in line
lined up
steady

level

planar
equal

V.L. *lībellum < lībella

L.L. plānāris < plānum
aequālis < aequus

PGmc *faranan

Middle Dutch trecken
PGmc *gēnan + *ana + *braiþaz
PGmc *tækanan + *trap-
Old Norse rāfa
Frankish *wala

fare

trek
go abroad
take a trip
rove
gallivant

travel

journey
voyage

V.L. *trepaliāre

V.L. *diurnāta
viāticum

PGmc *fastuz

PGmc *hraþa
PGmc *snellaz
PGmc *kwikwaz
PGmc *swīpanan
PGmc *spōdigaz, *spēdigaz

fast

rathe, rather
snell
quick
swift
speedy

rapid rapidus
PGmc *fadar + *likaz fatherly

fatherlike

paternal paternus
WGmc *fōljan

PGmc *gawaraz
PGmc *tukkanan, *tækanan

feeling

awareness
touch

sentiment

sensation

sensus, sentiō
PGmc *fullijan + *up

PGmc *stukk-
PGmc *niwjanan

fill up

stock
renew

replenish re + plēnus
PGmc *furistaz

PGmc *furma
PGmc *magan-

first

foremost
main

primary prīmus
PGmc *floþuz

PGmc *hwelbanan
PGmc *ubersatjanan

flood

overwhelm
overset

inundate inundāre < in + unda
PGmc *fulgian

Old Norse traþk

follow

track

ensue in- + sequi
PGmc *formo-

PGmc *airis- + *hwīlo
PGmc *fure- + *gēnþjaz
Old English hwīlum

former

erstwhile
foregoing, aforegoing
whilom

previous

preceding

praevius < prae- + via

praecēdere < prae- + cēdere

PGmc *fur-*biudan

PGmc *bannan-
PGmc *fura- + *stallaz

forbid

ban
forestall

prohibit

prevent

prohibēre < pro + habēre

inter + dicere, dictus
praevenīre

PGmc *fura- + Old Norse kasta

PGmc *ūt + *lōkōjanan

forecast

outlook

projection prōjectiō < prō + iacere
PGmc *fura + *taljanan

PGmc *sanþaz + *sagjanan
PGmc *fura- +*buþanan
PGmc *fura- +*skadwōjanan

foretell

soothsay
forebode
foreshadow

predict praedīcere
PGmc *frijaz freedom liberty lībertās < līber
PGmc *frijond + *likaz

PGmc *gakundan + *līkaz
PGmc *warmaz

friendly

kindly
warm

amicable amīcus
Frankish *gardo, gardin-

PGmc *garda
WGmc *parruk
Old English pund-
Old English pearroc

garden

yard
park
pound
paddock

court

enclosure

co- + hortus

in- + claudere

PGmc *gadurojan

PGmc *far- + *gadurojan
PGmc *gadurojan + *ūp
PGmc *kruppaz
Old English clyster
PGmc *lisanan

gather

forgather
gather up
group
cluster
lease

assemble ad + simul
PGmc *giftiz

PGmc *sali-

gift

handsel

present prae- + essere
PGmc *geban

PGmc *gafurþojan
WGmc*frumjana

give

afford
furnish

provide pro + vidēre
PGmc *glaþaz

PGmc *bliþiz
PGmc *fagaraz
PGmc *murgijaz
PGmc *wunjo-samaz
PGmc *hapan
PGmc *gliujan
PGmc *þurilam (via Old English þyrel)
PGmc *kwēmiaz

gladness

bliss
fairness
merriment, mirth
winsomeness
happiness
glee
thrill
queem

joy

pleasure
delight

gaudium

placēre
dēlēctāre

PGmc *guþan

PGmc *guþan + *haiduz

god, goddess

godhead

deity

immortal

deus

immortālis

PGmc *gōdaz

PGmc *welō(n)
PGmc *hilpō + *fullaz
PGmc *gagniz + *fullaz
PGmc *hailaz + *samaz
PGmc *werþan + *hwīlō

good

well
helpful
gainful
wholesome
worthwhile

beneficial beneficium
WGmc *gēnan + PGmc *an

PGmc *wandjanan

go on

wend

proceed pro- + cedere
WGmc *grōnja-

PGmc *laskaz

green

lush

verdant viridis
PGmc *getiskanan

PGmc *faþmaz
PGmc *swumto-
Frankish *galgo

guess

fathom
sound
gauge

estimate aestimare
PGmc *harjaz + *berg

PGmc *hafnaz

harbour

haven

port portus
PGmc *harþuz + *skapiz

PGmc *uzdailjam

hardship

ordeal

difficulty difficultās
PGmc *hatojanan

PGmc *laiþojanan
PGmc *skarn- (Frankish *skern)

hate

loathe
scorn

detest de- + testari
PGmc *hauhiþa

PGmc *luftuz

height

loftiness

altitude altitūdō (< altus)
PGmc *helpan

PGmc *ūz- + *baitjanan (Frankish *bētan)
PGmc *gebanan + *handuz
PGmc * + *standanan
PGmc * + *stadiz

help

abet
give a hand
bestand
bestead

assist assistere < ad + sistere
WGmc *hannja hen pullet pullus
PGmc *harjaz

PGmc *fardíz

here

ferd

army

militia

ML. armāta

mīlitia

PGmc *hulnis

PGmc *bergaz
PGmc *mundō
PGmc *dūnō, dūnaz

hill

barrow
mound
down, dune

mount mōns, montis
PGmc *hailagaz + *dagaz

WGmc *lauba
PGmc *brekan
WGmc *fur- + *lauba

holiday

leave
break
furlough

vacation vacātiō
PGmc *hailagaz

PGmc *gahailagōiðaz

holy

hallowed

sacred sacrāre
PGmc *aujo + *landom

PGmc *aujo
PGmc *hulmaz

island

ait, eyot
holm

isle insula
WGmc *jukkjan

PGmc *wurkijanan (via Old Norse yrkja)
WGmc *taisijanan
WGmc *fur-etanan
PGmc *grellanan

itch

irk
tease
fret
grill

irritate irritāre
PGmc gakundiz

Old English ilca
PGmc *brandaz
PGmc *brōd-
PGmc *sat-
PGmc *streun-
Frankish *tīr
PGmc *līkaz

kind

ilk
brand
breed
set
strain
tier
like

type

class
sort
genre

typus < Gk typos

classis
sors
genera

PGmc *knoean

PGmc *witanan
PGmc *spehōjanan (Frankish *spehōn)
PGmc *sputtōn
PGmc *taljanan

know

wit/wot
espy
spot
tell

recognize re + cognoscere
PGmc *lataz

PGmc *latjanan

late

delayed

tardy tardus
PGmc *lagan (Old Norse lag) + *-fullaz

PGmc *gastrahtaz
PGmc *fagraz
PGmc *rehtaz
PGmc *gasundas
PGmc *gamaitijaz
PGmc *warjanan (Frankish *warand)
PGmc *fittjanan

lawful

straight
fair
right, rightful
sound
meet
warranted
fitting

legal

legitimate, legit
just
proper

lēgālis

M.L. lēgitimātus < lēgitimāre
jūstus < jūs
proprius

PGmc *laiþjan

PGmc *kuningaz
PGmc *haubuþan
PGmc *biron
PGmc *erloz

leader

king
head
baron
earl

chief

emperor
count
duke
president

caput

imperator
comes
dux
praesidēns

PGmc *langiþo length longitude longitūdō (< longus)
PGmc *legjan

PGmc *rastjō, rastō
PGmc *hlinojanan

lie (lie down)

rest
lean (back)

repose

recline

re- + pausa

re- + clinare

PGmc *lubo

Middle English fond, fonned

loving

fond

amorous amōrōsus
PGmc *managaz

PGmc *manigaz + *falþaz
PGmc *rīfiz
PGmc *taumijanþjaz

many

manifold
rife
teeming

multiple

numerous
abundant
copious

multi + plūs

numerosus
abundantem
copiosus

PGmc *ga-makon

PGmc *fittjanan
PGmc *andswarōjanan + *

match

fit
answer to

correspond con + respondēre
WGmc *mainijan

PGmc *be- + *taiknjanan
PGmc *standanan + *fura
PGmc *ahtalōnan

mean

betoken
stand for
ettle

intend

signify

intendere

significare

PGmc *motijan

PGmc *hitjanan (Old Norse hitta)

meet

hit

encounter incontrāre < in + contrā
PGmc *medjaz + *dagaz midday noon nona
Old Norse mistaka

PGmc *blundaz (Old Norse blundra)
PGmc *wrangiþō

mistake

blunder
wrength

error error (< errāre)
PGmc *mōdar + *likaz motherly maternal māternus
PGmc *nēhwaz

PGmc *nēhwizáz

nigh

near

close clausus
PGmc *neujaz

PGmc *friskaz
PGmc *

new

fresh
now

novel

modern

novus

modernus

PGmc *naht + *likaz nightly nocturnal nocturnus
WGmc *alda

PGmc *stal-, *sta-
PGmc *aldizo + *līkaz
PGmc *jǣron

old

stale
elderly
of yore

ancient

antediluvian

V.L. *anteanus < ante

ante + diluvium

PGmc *anþaraz

PGmc *aljaz

other

else

different

alternative

differre

alterare

PGmc *ufnaz

PGmc *herþaz
PGmc *stubō
PGmc *aistō
PGmc *smiþjon

oven

hearth
stove
oast
smithy, smithery

kiln

furnace

culina

fornax

PGmc *raidō

PGmc *wegaz
PGmc *bulaz + *werkam
PGmc *drībanan
PGmc *paþaz

road

way
boulevard
drive
path

street

route
itinerary

V.L. strata

rupta
itinerantem

PGmc *rutjan

PGmc *be- + *fūljanan
PGmc *be- + *fūlaz

rot

defile
befoul

putrefy putrefacere
PGmc *sehwan

PGmc *kanjanan

see

ken

perceive per- + capere
Old Norse *sœma

PGmc *lōkōjanan

seem

look

appear apparere
PGmc *seuþanan

Middle English bublelen (Middle Low German bubeln)

seethe

bubble

boil bullīre
PGmc *selbaz + *haiduz

PGmc *galīkaz + *-nassus
PGmc *selbaz + *dōmaz

selfhood

likeness
selfdom

identity L.L. identitās < idem et idem + -itās
PGmc *selbaz + *samaz selfsame identical M.L. identicus + -al
PGmc *saljanan

Old Saxon *trada
PGmc *dailjanan + *in
Frankish *borganjan

sell

trade
deal in
bargain

vend vendere < venum + dare
PGmc *skapjanan

PGmc *buþlam (Old English bold)
PGmc *ūt + *līniōn

shape

build
outline

form forma
WGmc *skæpa

PGmc *lambaz

sheep

lamb

mutton M.L. multō (< Celtic)
PGmc *skoppan shop store instaurare
WGmc *skuttjan shut close clausus
PGmc *skeuh(w)az shy timid timidus
PGmc *sehwiþō

PGmc *sehwanan
PGmc *kannijanan

sight

seeing
ken

vision vidēre/vīsum
PGmc *skaljo

PGmc *krab-, kraf-
PGmc *kunnanan
PGmc *listiz

skill

craft
cunning
list

art

science

ars

scientia

PGmc *skaljo + *fullaz

PGmc *krab-, kraf- + *-igaz
PGmc *gadaftjaz

skillful

crafty
deft

adept adeptus < adipiscī
PGmc *slǣpanþiaz

PGmc *slūmerianþiaz
PGmc *īdalaz
PGmc *falgō

sleeping

slumbering
idle
fallow

dormant

hibernate
torpid

dormīre
PGmc *smæl

PGmc *lūtilaz
PGmc *tindaz
Old English wēg, wǣge

small

little
tiny
wee

minute

petite
diminutive

minūtus < minuere

pitinnus
diminutivus

PGmc *snakon

PGmc *wurmiz

snake

worm

serpent serpens
PGmc *surgo

PGmc *karō
PGmc *wai

sorrow

care
woe

grief OFr grever < L gravare < gravis
PGmc *sprekanan

PGmc *taljanan
WGmc *prātana

speak

talk
prate, prattle

converse

discourse
communication

con- + vertere

dis- + currere
communicare

PGmc *stund-

PGmc *tīmēn, tīma-
PGmc *tīþiz
PGmc *hwīlō
Old English þrāg
Old English spelian
PGmc *stuntjanan

stound

time
tide
while
throw
spell
stint

hour

moment
interval

hōra < Gk hṓra

mōmentum
intervallum

PGmc *sundrigaz

PGmc *miskjanan

sundry

mixed

various

miscellaneous

varius

miscellus

PGmc *swīnam

PGmc *farhaz
PGmc *sugō
WGmc *bairaz
Old English picg-
Old English hogg

swine

farrow
sow
boar
pig
hog

pork porcus
PGmc *taikijanan

WGmc *skauwojanan
PGmc *laizjanan

teach

show
lear, lere

educate ēdūcāre < ēdūcere
PGmc *taljanan

PGmc *kunþjanan
PGmc *makojanan *(ga)knēwanaz

tell

kithe
make known

relate

narrate

relatus < re- + ferre

narrare

PGmc *þankjan

PGmc *(ga)þāht- + *-fullaz
PGmc *(ga)mentþijan + *-fullaz

thinking

thoughtful
mindful

pensive pēnsāre
PGmc *(ga)þāhtan

Early Modern English hinch
PGmc *inkēn
PGmc *kliwjo-

thought

hunch
inkling
clue

idea idea < Gk idea
PGmc *þreutanan

PGmc *pleg-
PGmc *fēraz

threat

plight
fear

danger

peril
menace

V.L. *dominarium < dominus

periculum'
minaciae < minari

PGmc *taiknan

PGmc *markō
PGmc *hallō + *markō
PGmc *huntōjanan
PGmc *stampōjanan

token

mark
hallmark
hint
stamp

sign

symbol
trace
indication

signum

symbolum < Gk sýmbolon
V.L. *tractiāre
indicātiō

PGmc *tungon

PGmc *sprǣkijō
PGmc *talō

tongue

speech
talk

language V.L. *linguaticum < L. lingua
PGmc *twinjaz

PGmc *twai + PGmc *-falþaz
PGmc *twī-

twin

twofold
twi-

double

duplicate

duplus

duplicātus < duplicāre < duplex

PGmc *under + *standan

PGmc *getanan
PGmc *graipisōn

understand

get
grasp

comprehend comprehendere
PGmc *ūp- + *haldanan

PGmc *bolhstraz
PGmc *beranan + *up-
PGmc *under + *gurþjanan
PGmc *ūp + beranan
WGmc skor- + up
PGmc *stagaz (Frankish *staka)

uphold

bolster
bear up
undergird
upbear
shore up
stay

support supportāre
PGmc *up- + *luftijan

PGmc *raizjan

uplifting

raising, rearing

elevating ē- + levāre
PGmc *ūtizon

PGmc *sagjanan

utter

say

pronounce pro- + nuntiare
PGmc *ūtizon

WGmc *alnaz + *tō-gaduraz
PGmc *fullīkō
PGmc *hailaz +*līkō

utterly

altogether
fully
wholly

totally tōtālis
PGmc *wadjojan

PGmc *mizdō, meidō
PGmc *hūrja

wage

meed
hire

salary salārium
PGmc *wakan

PGmc *bīdanan
Old English tergan
PGmc *woenijanan

wait, await

bide
tarry
ween

expect ex + spectāre
WGmc *warnōjanan + *-unga

PGmc *tupp- + *af-

warning

tip off

notice

alert
recommendation
admonition

nōtitia

It all'erta < L ērigere
M.L. recommendātiō
admonitiō

PGmc *watskanan

PGmc *klainisōn
PGmc *hrainisōn
PGmc *labōjanan
PGmc *baðojanan
PGmc *skrubbanan

wash

cleanse
rinse
lave
bathe
scrub

launder M.L. lavandāria < lavare
PGmc *wakan

PGmc *kōpjanan
PGmc *behaldanan

watch

keep
behold

observe ob + servāre
PGmc *wakanan

PGmc *wakanþjaz
PGmc *warō + *-igaz

watchful

waking
wary

vigilant vigilāre
PGmc *wadjōjanan wed marry marītāre
PGmc *wadjō + *laikaz wedlock marriage V.L. *maritaticum
PGmc *wurdiz

PGmc *framiþjaz
PGmc *uzdaz
PGmc *þwerhwaz
PGmc *unkunþaz
Old English ūtlendisc
PGmc *alja- + *rīkjan
PGmc *argaz
PGmc *faigjáz

weird

fremd
odd
queer
uncouth
outlandish
eldritch
eerie
fey

strange extrāneus
PGmc *weralþeilīkaz

PGmc *erþō + *likaz

worldly

earthly

mundane

secular

L.L. mundānus < mundus

saeculāris

PGmc *wopijanan

PGmc *grētanan
Old Norse baula
Old Norse vǣla
PGmc *hwīnanan
PGmc *krītanan
PGmc *murnanan
PGmc *siubanan, *seubōnan, *subōjanan

weep

greet (cry), regret
bawl
wail
whine
cry
mourn
sob

lament

deplore

lāmentārī < lāmentum

dēplōrāre < dē- + plōrāre

PGmc *gawehtiz + *-igaz

WGmc *mainijanan + *-unga + *fullaz
PGmc *ki- (Old English cǣġe)

weighty

meaningful
key

important

grave

importāns

gravis

PGmc *westra western occidental occidere
PGmc *(ga)hailaz whole entire integer
PGmc *wīdas

PGmc *braiþiþō
PGmc *spannō

width

breadth
span

latitude latitūdō (< latus)
PGmc *wilþjiaz

PGmc *faliz
PGmc *grimmaz

wild

fell
grim

savage

feral

silvaticus < silva

fera

PGmc *wīsaz

PGmc *klufraz
PGmc *in + *gasihþ + *fullaz
PGmc *in + *leuhtam
PGmc *kōniz
PGmc *knoeanan + *laikam
PGmc *skreuwon

wise

clever
insightful
enlightened
keen
knowledgeable
shrewd

prudent

intelligent
sapient

prudēns < providēns

intelligēns
sapiēns

PGmc *wunskjan

PGmc *weljanan
PGmc *gernjanan
PGmc *langojanan
PGmc *lustuz
PGmc *wana-, wanēn (Old Norse vanta)

wish

will
yearning
longing
lust
want

desire

cupidity

desiderāre

cupiditās

Old English wīfman + PGmc *likaz womanly feminine femininus
PGmc *widuz

PGmc *hulto-
PGmc *walþuz
WGmc *busk
PGmc *graibō
PGmc *bruskaz
PGmc *þekwatjan (Old English þiccet)
PGmc *furhiþō (Old English fyrhþ)
PGmc *skagjan

wood (a wood)

holt
weald/wold
bush, boscage
grove
brush
thicket
frith
shaw

forest

copse, coppice

M.L. *foresta, partially < L.L. forestis; partially < Frankish *forhist

V.L. *colpaticium

PGmc *wurdan + PGmc *bōkiz wordbook dictionary dictiōnārium
PGmc *werkan

PGmc *dreuganan
PGmc *swinkanan

work

drudge, drudgery
swink

labor labor
PGmc *wrītanan + *-unga

PGmc *gawritan

writing

writ

script scrīptum < scrībere
PGmc *wurdiz

PGmc *dōmaz

wyrd

doom

fate

destiny

fatum

dēstināre

PGmc *jǣram + *likaz yearly annual annalis
WGmc *gelwa yellow ochre ochra < Gk ṓkhra
WGmc *jugunþiz + *fullaz

PGmc *jungas

youthful

young

juvenile

immature

iuvenis

immātūrus < in- + mātūrus

PGmc *juwunþiz

PGmc *tehuniz + *haiduz

youth

teenhood

adolescence adolescere < ad- + alescere

Nom/adjectif doublets

En particulier, l'utilisation de mots latin dans les sciences nous donne des paires avec un autre nom germain et un adjectif latin :

  • animaux : ant/formic, bee/apian, bird/avian, crow/corvine, cod/gadoine, carp/cyprine, fish/piscine, mew/larine, wasp/vespine, butterfly/papilionaceous, worm/vermian, spider/arachnid, snake/anguine, mouse (ou rat)/murine, cat/feline, rabbit/cunicular, hare/leporine, dog/canine/rangiferine, fox/vulpine, wolf/lupine, goat/caprine, sheep/ovine, swan/cygnine or cygnean, duck/anatine, starling/sturnine, goose/anserine, horse/equine, chicken/gallinaceous, cow/bovine, pig/porcine, whale/cetacean, ape/simian, bear/ursine, man/human or hominid (genre spécifique: man/masculine, woman/feminine).
  • physiologie : head/capital, ear/aural, tooth/dental, tongue/lingual, lips/labial, neck/cervical, finger/digital, hand/manual, arm/brachial, foot/pedal, sole of the foot/plantar, leg/crural, eye/ocular ou visual, mouth/oral, chest/pectoral, nipple/papillary, brain/cerebral, mind/mental, nail/ungual, hair/pilar, hear/cardial, lung/pulmonary, bone/osteotic, liver/hepatic, kidney/renal, blood/sanguine.
  • astronomie : moon/lunar, sun/solar, earth/terrestrial, star/stellar.
  • sociologie : son ou daughter/fillial, mother/maternal, father/paternal, brother/fraternal, sister/sororal, wife/uxorial.
  • autres : book/literary, edge/marginal, earl/comital, fire/igneous, water/aquatic, wind/vental, ice/glacial, boat/naval, house/domestic, door/portal, town/urban, light/optical, sight/visual, tree/arboreal, marsh/paludal, sword/gladiate, king/regal, fighter/military, bell/tintinnabulary

Voir aussi

Sources

  • Portail des langues
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